Recent items - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy1,3 [Narrative Review]
21/05/2013 01:39
Protein-energy wasting (PEW), characterized by a decline in body protein mass and energy reserves, including muscle and fat wasting and visceral protein pool contraction, is an underappreciated condition in early to moderate stages of chronic kidney
21/05/2013 01:39
Protein-energy wasting (PEW), characterized by a decline in body protein mass and energy reserves, including muscle and fat wasting and visceral protein pool contraction, is an underappreciated condition in early to moderate stages of chronic kidney
Factors predicting overweight in US kindergartners [Obesity and eating disorders]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Childhood overweight is a substantial public-health problem, but little is known about predictors of early childhood overweight. Objective: We aimed to identify factors—alone and in combination—that predict kindergarten overw
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Childhood overweight is a substantial public-health problem, but little is known about predictors of early childhood overweight. Objective: We aimed to identify factors—alone and in combination—that predict kindergarten overw
Elevated energy intake is correlated with hyperresponsivity in attentional, gustatory, and reward brain regions while anticipating palatable food receipt [Obesity and eating disorders]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Obese compared with lean individuals show greater attention-, gustatory-, and reward-region responsivity to food cues but reduced reward-region responsivity during food intake. However, to our knowledge, research has not tested whether a
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Obese compared with lean individuals show greater attention-, gustatory-, and reward-region responsivity to food cues but reduced reward-region responsivity during food intake. However, to our knowledge, research has not tested whether a
The obesity paradox in the US population [Obesity and eating disorders]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Recently a number of studies have found a lower risk of dying for obese individuals than for normal-weight individuals. The explanation for these paradoxical findings has not yet been identified. Objective: The objective was to assess wh
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Recently a number of studies have found a lower risk of dying for obese individuals than for normal-weight individuals. The explanation for these paradoxical findings has not yet been identified. Objective: The objective was to assess wh
Effect of cocoa and theobromine consumption on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trial [Lipids]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Evidence from clinical studies has suggested that cocoa may increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol concentrations. However, it is unclear whether this effect is attributable to flavonoids or theobromine, both of which
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Evidence from clinical studies has suggested that cocoa may increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol concentrations. However, it is unclear whether this effect is attributable to flavonoids or theobromine, both of which
Efficacy of a dose range of simulated sunlight exposures in raising vitamin D status in South Asian adults: implications for targeted guidance on sun exposure [Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and cutaneous synthesis is an important source. South Asians cannot attain adequate amounts of vitamin D by following general recommendations on summer sunlight exposure at northerly latitudes, and
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and cutaneous synthesis is an important source. South Asians cannot attain adequate amounts of vitamin D by following general recommendations on summer sunlight exposure at northerly latitudes, and
DNA methylation potential: dietary intake and blood concentrations of one-carbon metabolites and cofactors in rural African women [Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Animal models show that periconceptional supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B-12, choline, and betaine can induce differences in offspring phenotype mediated by epigenetic changes in DNA. In humans, altered DNA methylation patterns
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Animal models show that periconceptional supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B-12, choline, and betaine can induce differences in offspring phenotype mediated by epigenetic changes in DNA. In humans, altered DNA methylation patterns
Lack of a relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and asthma in adolescents [Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with an increased prevalence and severity of asthma and a lower response to inhaled corticosteroids. Objective: The objective was to determine the association be
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with an increased prevalence and severity of asthma and a lower response to inhaled corticosteroids. Objective: The objective was to determine the association be
Evaluation of Vitamin D Standardization Program protocols for standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data: a case study of the program's potential for national nutrition and health surveys [Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has developed protocols for standardizing procedures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement in National Health/Nutrition Surveys to promote 25(OH)D measurements that are accurate and com
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has developed protocols for standardizing procedures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement in National Health/Nutrition Surveys to promote 25(OH)D measurements that are accurate and com
Estimating mean annual 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from single measurements: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The seasonal variation in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations is large relative to mean values. Single measurements may misclassify annual exposure, which may lead to bias in research and complicate clinical decision
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The seasonal variation in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations is large relative to mean values. Single measurements may misclassify annual exposure, which may lead to bias in research and complicate clinical decision
Low folate status enhances pregnancy changes in plasma betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations and the association between betaine and homocysteine [Pregnancy and lactation]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Folate, choline, and betaine participate in homocysteine metabolism. It is not known whether they interact during pregnancy. Objective: The objective was to investigate how folate status affects choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine duri
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Folate, choline, and betaine participate in homocysteine metabolism. It is not known whether they interact during pregnancy. Objective: The objective was to investigate how folate status affects choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine duri
Growth and bone health in pediatric intestinal failure patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition [Growth, development, and pediatrics]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Children with chronic intestinal failure (IF) treated with long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) may present with low bone mineral density (BMD). The cause may reflect small body size or suboptimal bone mineralization. Objective: We assess
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Children with chronic intestinal failure (IF) treated with long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) may present with low bone mineral density (BMD). The cause may reflect small body size or suboptimal bone mineralization. Objective: We assess
Effect of preterm birth and birth weight on eating behavior at 2 y of age [Growth, development, and pediatrics]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Preterm infants frequently present eating difficulties in early childhood. Determinants of these difficulties are not known. Objective: We assessed the influence of neonatal and maternal characteristics on eating behaviors at 2 y of age.
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Preterm infants frequently present eating difficulties in early childhood. Determinants of these difficulties are not known. Objective: We assessed the influence of neonatal and maternal characteristics on eating behaviors at 2 y of age.
Weight change at 1 mo of antiretroviral therapy and its association with subsequent mortality, morbidity, and CD4 T cell reconstitution in a Tanzanian HIV-infected adult cohort [AIDS and other wasting syndromes]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The development of low-cost point-of-care technologies to improve HIV treatment is a major focus of current research in resource-limited settings. Objective: We assessed associations of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) at antiretroviral t
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The development of low-cost point-of-care technologies to improve HIV treatment is a major focus of current research in resource-limited settings. Objective: We assessed associations of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) at antiretroviral t
Consumer attitudes and understanding of low-sodium claims on food: an analysis of healthy and hypertensive individuals [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Sodium-related claims on food labels should facilitate lower-sodium food choices; however, consumer attitudes and understanding of such claims are unknown. Objectives: We evaluated consumer attitudes and understanding of different types
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Sodium-related claims on food labels should facilitate lower-sodium food choices; however, consumer attitudes and understanding of such claims are unknown. Objectives: We evaluated consumer attitudes and understanding of different types
Urinary and plasma magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Previous studies on dietary magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) have yielded inconsistent results, in part because of a lack of direct measures of actual magnesium uptake. Urinary excretion of magnesium, an indicator of di
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Previous studies on dietary magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) have yielded inconsistent results, in part because of a lack of direct measures of actual magnesium uptake. Urinary excretion of magnesium, an indicator of di
Sex and dieting modify the association between emotional eating and weight status [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Unlike other psychological correlates of weight status, emotional eating (EmE) has received relatively limited attention in the literature. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between the EmE score and weight status and the i
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Unlike other psychological correlates of weight status, emotional eating (EmE) has received relatively limited attention in the literature. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between the EmE score and weight status and the i
Sequential release of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in the jejunum in healthy humans [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The digestive hydrolysis of dietary proteins leads to the release of peptides in the intestinal tract, where they may exert a variety of functions, but their characterization and quantification are difficult. Objectives: We aimed to char
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: The digestive hydrolysis of dietary proteins leads to the release of peptides in the intestinal tract, where they may exert a variety of functions, but their characterization and quantification are difficult. Objectives: We aimed to char
Fish consumption in infancy and development of allergic disease up to age 12 y [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Fish intake in infancy has been associated with reduced risk of allergic disease in early childhood, but it is unknown whether this effect remains as children grow older. Objective: We studied the possible effect of fish consumption in i
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Fish intake in infancy has been associated with reduced risk of allergic disease in early childhood, but it is unknown whether this effect remains as children grow older. Objective: We studied the possible effect of fish consumption in i
Prevalence and predictors of children's dietary supplement use: the 2007 National Health Interview Survey [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Little is known about the characteristics of US children who are dietary supplement users. Objective: We described the prevalence and predictors of and reasons for giving children dietary supplements. Design: The study included children
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Little is known about the characteristics of US children who are dietary supplement users. Objective: We described the prevalence and predictors of and reasons for giving children dietary supplements. Design: The study included children
Dietary patterns in association with postpartum weight retention [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) can contribute to obesity development in women of reproductive age. Few studies have examined the association between postnatal diet and PPWR. Objective: We examined both PPWR and substantial PPWR (≥
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) can contribute to obesity development in women of reproductive age. Few studies have examined the association between postnatal diet and PPWR. Objective: We examined both PPWR and substantial PPWR (≥
Nut intake and adiposity: meta-analysis of clinical trials [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. However, clinical trials that evaluated nut consumption on adiposity have been scarce and inc
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. However, clinical trials that evaluated nut consumption on adiposity have been scarce and inc
Long-term alcohol and caffeine intake and risk of sudden cardiac death in women [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Alcohol and caffeine intakes may play a role in the development of sudden cardiac death (SCD) because of their effects on cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and inflammation. Objective: Our objective was to examine the
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Alcohol and caffeine intakes may play a role in the development of sudden cardiac death (SCD) because of their effects on cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and inflammation. Objective: Our objective was to examine the
Effects of inflammation and Plasmodium falciparum infection on soluble transferrin receptor and plasma ferritin concentration in different age groups: a prospective longitudinal study in Cote d'Ivoire [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a major cause of anemia, along with other nutritional, parasitic, and genetic factors. Accurate biomarkers are needed to estimate the relative contribution of ID to anemia. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is t
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a major cause of anemia, along with other nutritional, parasitic, and genetic factors. Accurate biomarkers are needed to estimate the relative contribution of ID to anemia. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is t
Diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood is associated with child blood pressure at age 7.5 y [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Diet in the first 2 y of life may be a pivotal period regarding effects on future blood pressure (BP). However, data on early-life diet and BP in childhood are sparse. Objective: We prospectively assessed associations between types of di
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Diet in the first 2 y of life may be a pivotal period regarding effects on future blood pressure (BP). However, data on early-life diet and BP in childhood are sparse. Objective: We prospectively assessed associations between types of di
Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death; in India, an estimated 370,000 children die of pneumonia each year. Zinc has multiple influences on the immune response to infections. Zinc supplementation has been shown to prevent diarrhea and pne
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death; in India, an estimated 370,000 children die of pneumonia each year. Zinc has multiple influences on the immune response to infections. Zinc supplementation has been shown to prevent diarrhea and pne
Genome-wide meta-analysis of observational studies shows common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Macronutrient intake varies substantially between individuals, and there is evidence that this variation is partly accounted for by genetic variants. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify common genetic variants that are
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Macronutrient intake varies substantially between individuals, and there is evidence that this variation is partly accounted for by genetic variants. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify common genetic variants that are
FADS genotype and diet are important determinants of DHA status: a cross-sectional study in Danish infants [Gene-nutrient interactions]
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Infant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status is supported by the DHA content of breast milk and thus can decrease once complementary feeding begins. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent endogenous DHA synthesis contributes to status. Ob
21/05/2013 01:39
Background: Infant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status is supported by the DHA content of breast milk and thus can decrease once complementary feeding begins. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent endogenous DHA synthesis contributes to status. Ob
The Mediterranean diet as prevention strategy for dementia as a multicausal geriatric syndrome [Letters to the Editor]
21/05/2013 01:39
21/05/2013 01:39
Self-report-based estimates of energy intake offer an inadequate basis for scientific conclusions [Letters to the Editor]
21/05/2013 01:39
21/05/2013 01:39
Effect of acute and chronic red wine consumption on lipopolysaccharide concentrations [Alcohol]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Chronic red wine (RW) consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk, mainly attributed to an improvement in lipid profile. RW intake is also able to change the composition of gut microbiota. High fat intake h
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Chronic red wine (RW) consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk, mainly attributed to an improvement in lipid profile. RW intake is also able to change the composition of gut microbiota. High fat intake h
A weight-gain-for-gestational-age z score chart for the assessment of maternal weight gain in pregnancy [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: To establish the unbiased relation between maternal weight gain in pregnancy and perinatal health, a classification for maternal weight gain is needed that is uncorrelated with gestational age. Objective: The goal of this study was to cr
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: To establish the unbiased relation between maternal weight gain in pregnancy and perinatal health, a classification for maternal weight gain is needed that is uncorrelated with gestational age. Objective: The goal of this study was to cr
Diets of drinkers on drinking and nondrinking days: NHANES 2003-2008 [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Alcohol may affect dietary intake. However, little is known about diets on drinking days in the US population. Objective: We determined whether the diets of drinkers differ on drinking compared with nondrinking days. Design: Data were fr
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Alcohol may affect dietary intake. However, little is known about diets on drinking days in the US population. Objective: We determined whether the diets of drinkers differ on drinking compared with nondrinking days. Design: Data were fr
Dietary patterns and risk of dementia in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: To our knowledge, there are no previous reports that assessed the association between dietary patterns and risk of dementia in Asian populations. Objective: We investigated dietary patterns and their potential association with risk of in
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: To our knowledge, there are no previous reports that assessed the association between dietary patterns and risk of dementia in Asian populations. Objective: We investigated dietary patterns and their potential association with risk of in
Association of raw fruit and fruit juice consumption with blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that fruit consumption may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases through blood pressure (BP)–lowering effects; little is known on the independent effect of raw fruit and fruit juice on BP. Object
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that fruit consumption may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases through blood pressure (BP)–lowering effects; little is known on the independent effect of raw fruit and fruit juice on BP. Object
Fruit, Mediterranean-style, and high-fat and -sugar diets are associated with the risk of night sweats and hot flushes in midlife: results from a prospective cohort study [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Diet has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMSs), ie, hot flushes and night sweats. Objective: We investigated the associations between dietary patterns and risk of VMSs by using data from mi
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Diet has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMSs), ie, hot flushes and night sweats. Objective: We investigated the associations between dietary patterns and risk of VMSs by using data from mi
Comparison of gestational weight gain-related pregnancy outcomes in American primiparous and multiparous women [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: In Danish data, the tradeoffs between mother and infant in the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes were reached at lower gestational weight gain (GWG) among multiparous than among primiparous women. It is unknown whether the same differe
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: In Danish data, the tradeoffs between mother and infant in the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes were reached at lower gestational weight gain (GWG) among multiparous than among primiparous women. It is unknown whether the same differe
Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research guidelines and risk of death in Europe: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort study1,4 [Nutritional epidemiology and pub
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) issued recommendations on diet, physical activity, and weight management for cancer prevention on the basis of the most comprehensive co
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) issued recommendations on diet, physical activity, and weight management for cancer prevention on the basis of the most comprehensive co
Intake of trans fat and all-cause mortality in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort [Nutritional epidemiology and public health]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: A high intake of trans fatty acids decreases HDL cholesterol and is associated with increased LDL cholesterol, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The relation between trans fat intake and all-cause
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: A high intake of trans fatty acids decreases HDL cholesterol and is associated with increased LDL cholesterol, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The relation between trans fat intake and all-cause
REG1B as a predictor of childhood stunting in Bangladesh and Peru [International nutrition]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Undernutrition remains a significant problem worldwide, with environmental enteropathy implicated as a contributing factor. An understanding of the pathogenesis and identification of children at risk are critical to the design of more-ef
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Undernutrition remains a significant problem worldwide, with environmental enteropathy implicated as a contributing factor. An understanding of the pathogenesis and identification of children at risk are critical to the design of more-ef
DHA supplementation improved both memory and reaction time in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial [Dietary supplements]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and its status is dependent on dietary intakes. Therefore, individuals who consume diets low in omega-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids may cognitively benefit from DHA
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and its status is dependent on dietary intakes. Therefore, individuals who consume diets low in omega-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids may cognitively benefit from DHA
An increase in renal dopamine does not stimulate natriuresis after fava bean ingestion [Dietary supplements]
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Fava beans (Vicia faba) contain dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), and their ingestion may increase dopamine stores. Renal dopamine regulates blood pressure and blood volume via a natriuretic effect. Objective: The objective was to determine
20/04/2013 04:06
Background: Fava beans (Vicia faba) contain dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), and their ingestion may increase dopamine stores. Renal dopamine regulates blood pressure and blood volume via a natriuretic effect. Objective: The objective was to determine
Defining "sustainable" and "healthy" diets in an era of great environmental concern and increased prevalence of chronic diseases [Letters to the Editor]
20/04/2013 04:06
20/04/2013 04:06
Re: Consumption of artificial sweetener- and sugar-containing soda and the risk of lymphoma and leukemia in men and women [Letters to the Editor]
20/04/2013 04:06
20/04/2013 04:06