Recent items - Diabetes Care
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Clinical Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between circulating levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a mesenchymal-derived pleiotrophic factor that is elevated in obesity, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis among 892 postmenopausal women within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). RESULTS HGF levels positively correlated with BMI and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In the multivariable ana [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between circulating levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a mesenchymal-derived pleiotrophic factor that is elevated in obesity, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis among 892 postmenopausal women within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). RESULTS HGF levels positively correlated with BMI and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In the multivariable ana [...]
A1C to Detect Diabetes in Healthy Adults: When should we recheck?
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the optimal interval for rechecking A1C levels below the diagnostic threshold of 6.5% for healthy adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Participants were 16,313 apparently healthy Japanese adults not taking glucose-lowering medications at baseline. Annual A1C measures from 2005 to 2008 at the Center for Preventive Medicine, a community teaching hospital in Japan, estimated cumulative incidence of diabetes. RESULTS Mean age (±SD [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the optimal interval for rechecking A1C levels below the diagnostic threshold of 6.5% for healthy adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Participants were 16,313 apparently healthy Japanese adults not taking glucose-lowering medications at baseline. Annual A1C measures from 2005 to 2008 at the Center for Preventive Medicine, a community teaching hospital in Japan, estimated cumulative incidence of diabetes. RESULTS Mean age (±SD [...]
Early Signs of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Children on Intensive Insulin Treatment: A population-based study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate early stages of atherosclerosis and predisposing factors in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents compared with age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, aged 8–18 years in Health Region South-East in Norway were invited to participate in the study (n = 800). A total of 40% (n = 314) agreed to participate and were compared with 118 age-matched healthy control subjects. Carotid art [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate early stages of atherosclerosis and predisposing factors in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents compared with age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, aged 8–18 years in Health Region South-East in Norway were invited to participate in the study (n = 800). A total of 40% (n = 314) agreed to participate and were compared with 118 age-matched healthy control subjects. Carotid art [...]
Differences in Maternal Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Fat Intake in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids (FAs) and dietary FA intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; n = 49), women with hyperglycemia less severe than GDM (impaired glucose challenge test [GCT] non-GDM; n = 80), and normal control subjects (n = 98). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control design was nested within a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women. Fasting concentrations of serum total FAs (enzymatic assay) a [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids (FAs) and dietary FA intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; n = 49), women with hyperglycemia less severe than GDM (impaired glucose challenge test [GCT] non-GDM; n = 80), and normal control subjects (n = 98). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control design was nested within a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women. Fasting concentrations of serum total FAs (enzymatic assay) a [...]
Maternal Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy Affects Fetal Insulin Sensitivity
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Offspring of mothers with impaired glucose tolerance are far more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy affects fetal insulin sensitivity or β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective singleton pregnancy cohort study, we analyzed glucose, insulin, and proinsulin concentrations in maternal blood at the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and in venous cord b [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Offspring of mothers with impaired glucose tolerance are far more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy affects fetal insulin sensitivity or β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective singleton pregnancy cohort study, we analyzed glucose, insulin, and proinsulin concentrations in maternal blood at the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and in venous cord b [...]
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Differs Genetically From Classical Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed After the Age of 35 Years
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We studied differences between patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), type 2 diabetes, and classical type 1 diabetes diagnosed after age 35 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Polymorphisms in HLA-DQB1, INS, PTPN22, and CTLA4 were genotyped in patients with LADA (n = 213), type 1 diabetes diagnosed at >35 years of age (T1D>35y; n = 257) or <20 years of age (T1D<20y; n = 158), and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Although patients with LADA had an increased fre [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We studied differences between patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), type 2 diabetes, and classical type 1 diabetes diagnosed after age 35 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Polymorphisms in HLA-DQB1, INS, PTPN22, and CTLA4 were genotyped in patients with LADA (n = 213), type 1 diabetes diagnosed at >35 years of age (T1D>35y; n = 257) or <20 years of age (T1D<20y; n = 158), and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Although patients with LADA had an increased fre [...]
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Simplifying the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy diagnostic algorithm using fasting plasma glucose
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria on 1) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis compared with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and 2) the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to predict GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 10,283 pregnant women undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for universal screening of GDM, two FPG thresholds (of the OGTT) were used to rule in and to rule [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria on 1) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis compared with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and 2) the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to predict GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 10,283 pregnant women undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for universal screening of GDM, two FPG thresholds (of the OGTT) were used to rule in and to rule [...]
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a nested case-control study conducted among 608 women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 559 control subjects in the Nurses' Health Study, we measured the association between baseline plasma 25-OHD concentration and risk of incident diabetes. RESULTS After adjusting for matching factors and diabetes risk factors, including BMI, hi [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a nested case-control study conducted among 608 women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 559 control subjects in the Nurses' Health Study, we measured the association between baseline plasma 25-OHD concentration and risk of incident diabetes. RESULTS After adjusting for matching factors and diabetes risk factors, including BMI, hi [...]
Declining {beta}-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity With Increasing Fasting Glucose Levels in the Nondiabetic Range in Children
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE In adults, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, even within the normoglycemic range, are associated with increased diabetes risk. This investigation tested the hypothesis that β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity decreases with increasing FPG in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 223 youth with FPG <126 mg/dl underwent evaluation of first- and second-phase insulin secretion during a 2-h hyperglycemic (~225 mg/dl) clamp, insulin sensitivity during [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE In adults, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, even within the normoglycemic range, are associated with increased diabetes risk. This investigation tested the hypothesis that β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity decreases with increasing FPG in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 223 youth with FPG <126 mg/dl underwent evaluation of first- and second-phase insulin secretion during a 2-h hyperglycemic (~225 mg/dl) clamp, insulin sensitivity during [...]
Homocysteinethiolactone and Paraoxonase: Novel markers of diabetic retinopathy
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase (PON) exhibits esterase activity (PON-AREase) and lactonase activity (PON-HCTLase), which prevent LDL oxidation and detoxify homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL). The role of HCTL and PON-HCTLase as a risk factor for the microvascular complication in diabetic retinopathy at the level of vitreous has not been investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Undiluted vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 13) and macular hole (MH) (n = 8) was used to [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase (PON) exhibits esterase activity (PON-AREase) and lactonase activity (PON-HCTLase), which prevent LDL oxidation and detoxify homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL). The role of HCTL and PON-HCTLase as a risk factor for the microvascular complication in diabetic retinopathy at the level of vitreous has not been investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Undiluted vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 13) and macular hole (MH) (n = 8) was used to [...]
Retinal Blood Flow in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With No or Mild Diabetic Retinopathy During Euglycemic Clamp
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To compare total retinal blood flow in diabetic patients with no or mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and healthy control subjects and to investigate in patients whether there is a difference between retinal blood flow before morning insulin and under normoglycemic conditions using a glucose clamp. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes with no or mild diabetic retinopathy were included in this open parallel-group study, and 20 healthy age- and sex- [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To compare total retinal blood flow in diabetic patients with no or mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and healthy control subjects and to investigate in patients whether there is a difference between retinal blood flow before morning insulin and under normoglycemic conditions using a glucose clamp. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes with no or mild diabetic retinopathy were included in this open parallel-group study, and 20 healthy age- and sex- [...]
Increased CD36 Expression Signals Monocyte Activation Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that CD36, a scavenger receptor and fatty acid translocase, is upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among patients with type 2 diabetes and is a biomarker of PBMC activation and inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a cross-sectional observational design to study a multi-racial/ethnic population sample consisting of Caucasians, Hispanics, and Native Americans with type 2 diabetes (n = 33) and nondiabetic control subjects (n = [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that CD36, a scavenger receptor and fatty acid translocase, is upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among patients with type 2 diabetes and is a biomarker of PBMC activation and inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a cross-sectional observational design to study a multi-racial/ethnic population sample consisting of Caucasians, Hispanics, and Native Americans with type 2 diabetes (n = 33) and nondiabetic control subjects (n = [...]
Lung Function and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Fatal and Nonfatal Major Coronary Heart Disease Events: Possible Associations With Inflammation
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the relationship between lung function and risk of type-2 diabetes and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) events and investigated the hypothesis that inflammation may underlie these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study of 4,434 men aged 40–59 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CHD or stroke) or diabetes drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and followed up for 20 years. RESULTS There were [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the relationship between lung function and risk of type-2 diabetes and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) events and investigated the hypothesis that inflammation may underlie these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study of 4,434 men aged 40–59 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CHD or stroke) or diabetes drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and followed up for 20 years. RESULTS There were [...]
Doses of Insulin and Its Analogues and Cancer Occurrence in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Recent epidemiological studies suggested that some insulin analogues could be associated with increased risk of cancer. The present study is aimed at assessing the long-term association of different insulin analogues with cancer incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A nested case-control study dataset was generated from the cohort study dataset (n = 1,340 insulin-treated diabetic outpatients) by sampling control subjects from the risk sets. For each case subject, the control subject [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Recent epidemiological studies suggested that some insulin analogues could be associated with increased risk of cancer. The present study is aimed at assessing the long-term association of different insulin analogues with cancer incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A nested case-control study dataset was generated from the cohort study dataset (n = 1,340 insulin-treated diabetic outpatients) by sampling control subjects from the risk sets. For each case subject, the control subject [...]
Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Compared With Nondiabetic First Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A population-based cohort study in southern Europe
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term cardiovascular risk differs in type 2 diabetic patients compared with first acute myocardial infarction patients in a Mediterranean region, considering therapy, diabetes duration, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective population-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up was performed in 4,410 patients aged 30–74 years: 2,260 with type 2 diabetes without coronary heart disease recruited in 53 prim [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term cardiovascular risk differs in type 2 diabetic patients compared with first acute myocardial infarction patients in a Mediterranean region, considering therapy, diabetes duration, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective population-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up was performed in 4,410 patients aged 30–74 years: 2,260 with type 2 diabetes without coronary heart disease recruited in 53 prim [...]
Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and New-Onset Heart Failure in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a predictor of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure. It is unknown to what extent the association between diabetes and heart failure is influenced by other risk factors for heart failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the association of diabetes and A1C with incident heart failure in outpatients with stable CAD and no history of heart failure (average follow-up 4.1 years). RESULTS Of 839 participants, 200 had diabetes (23.8%). Compared with pat [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a predictor of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure. It is unknown to what extent the association between diabetes and heart failure is influenced by other risk factors for heart failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the association of diabetes and A1C with incident heart failure in outpatients with stable CAD and no history of heart failure (average follow-up 4.1 years). RESULTS Of 839 participants, 200 had diabetes (23.8%). Compared with pat [...]
One-Hour Plasma Glucose Identifies Insulin Resistance and {beta}-Cell Dysfunction in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance: Cross-sectional data from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Risk (RISC) study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Some individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) exhibit a 1-h excursion of plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing as high as that of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of this study was to characterize their metabolic phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,205 healthy volunteers (aged 29–61 years) underwent assessment of 1) oral glucose tolerance and 2) insulin sensitivity (standardized euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Some individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) exhibit a 1-h excursion of plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing as high as that of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of this study was to characterize their metabolic phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,205 healthy volunteers (aged 29–61 years) underwent assessment of 1) oral glucose tolerance and 2) insulin sensitivity (standardized euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), [...]
Disposition Index, Glucose Effectiveness, and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Disposition index (DI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) are risk factors for diabetes. However, the effect of DI and SG on future diabetes has not been examined in large epidemiological studies using direct measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and SG were measured in 826 participants (aged 40–69 years) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Disposition index (DI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) are risk factors for diabetes. However, the effect of DI and SG on future diabetes has not been examined in large epidemiological studies using direct measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and SG were measured in 826 participants (aged 40–69 years) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. [...]
A1C Between 5.7 and 6.4% as a Marker for Identifying Pre-Diabetes, Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE A1C is an optional method for diagnosing diabetes and also for detecting individuals at increased risk of the disease. However, how A1C compares with fasting (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose for detecting at-risk individuals is not well known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-h glucose tolerance test, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and A1C were obtained at the follow-up examination in 855 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). For this [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE A1C is an optional method for diagnosing diabetes and also for detecting individuals at increased risk of the disease. However, how A1C compares with fasting (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose for detecting at-risk individuals is not well known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-h glucose tolerance test, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and A1C were obtained at the follow-up examination in 855 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). For this [...]
Incidence and Trend of a Metabolic Syndrome Phenotype Among Tehranian Adolescents: Findings from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 1998-2001 to 2003-2006
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and trend of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study during 3.6 years of follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 932 adolescents, aged 10–19 years, who had complete data and returned for reassessment 3.6 years later were investigated. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at baseline and after 3.6 years was 7.4 and 6.7%, respectively, based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III definitions; 3 [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and trend of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study during 3.6 years of follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 932 adolescents, aged 10–19 years, who had complete data and returned for reassessment 3.6 years later were investigated. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at baseline and after 3.6 years was 7.4 and 6.7%, respectively, based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III definitions; 3 [...]
The Effects of Fenofibric Acid Alone and With Statins on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Diagnostic Components in Patients With Mixed Dyslipidemia
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To compare fenofibric acid (FA) + statin to respective monotherapies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its diagnostic components in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Post hoc analysis of over 2,000 metabolic syndrome patients administered either FA + low- or moderate-dose statin; FA alone; or low-, moderate-, or high-dose statin alone. RESULTS FA + low- or moderate-dose statin combination therapy reduced the presence of metabolic syndrome (35.7 [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To compare fenofibric acid (FA) + statin to respective monotherapies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its diagnostic components in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Post hoc analysis of over 2,000 metabolic syndrome patients administered either FA + low- or moderate-dose statin; FA alone; or low-, moderate-, or high-dose statin alone. RESULTS FA + low- or moderate-dose statin combination therapy reduced the presence of metabolic syndrome (35.7 [...]
Associations of Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Areas With the Prevalence of Metabolic Risk Factor Clustering in 6,292 Japanese Individuals: The Hitachi Health Study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships of visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area, and waist circumference, determined using computed tomography (CT), and BMI with metabolic risk factors in a large Japanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study subjects comprised 6,292 men and women who participated in the Hitachi Health Study and received CT examinations in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS Regarding the clustering of metabolic risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for the VFA quintiles w [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships of visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area, and waist circumference, determined using computed tomography (CT), and BMI with metabolic risk factors in a large Japanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study subjects comprised 6,292 men and women who participated in the Hitachi Health Study and received CT examinations in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS Regarding the clustering of metabolic risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for the VFA quintiles w [...]
Diabetes and Heart Failure in Patients With Coronary Disease: Separating Markers From Mediators
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Genetic Determinants Predicting Efficacy of Glucose-Lowering Drugs?: A long way to go ...
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The Public Health Implications of the Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Diabetes
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Polyendocrinopathy in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A multicenter analysis of 28,671 patients from the German/Austrian DPV-Wiss database
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate diabetes-specific autoantibodies and additional autoimmune phenomena in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 28,671 patients <30 years with type 1 diabetes from 242 specialized centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed. RESULTS At least one β-cell antibody was present in 81.6% of patients. β-cell–Ab-negative patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset (P < 0.0001). A total of 19 [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate diabetes-specific autoantibodies and additional autoimmune phenomena in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 28,671 patients <30 years with type 1 diabetes from 242 specialized centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed. RESULTS At least one β-cell antibody was present in 81.6% of patients. β-cell–Ab-negative patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset (P < 0.0001). A total of 19 [...]
Renal Hyperfiltration and Arterial Stiffness in Humans With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We have reported that renal hyperfiltration is associated with endothelial dysfunction in early type 1 diabetes. However, the relationship between renal hyperfiltration and arterial stiffness is unknown. Accordingly, we measured arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic subjects with hyperfiltering (n = 20) or normofiltering (n = 18). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Augmentation index (AIx), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), renal hemodynamic function (inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We have reported that renal hyperfiltration is associated with endothelial dysfunction in early type 1 diabetes. However, the relationship between renal hyperfiltration and arterial stiffness is unknown. Accordingly, we measured arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic subjects with hyperfiltering (n = 20) or normofiltering (n = 18). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Augmentation index (AIx), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), renal hemodynamic function (inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance [...]
Changes in Serum Lipid Levels During Pregnancy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Alterations in maternal lipid metabolism could affect fetal programming and the susceptibility for atherosclerosis in the offspring; therefore, we studied differences in lipid profiles of pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 173 diabetic pregnancies were studied prior to conception (V0), at each trimester (V1–V3), and after delivery and were compared with 137 healthy women at V3. RESULTS During gestation, the increase in serum [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Alterations in maternal lipid metabolism could affect fetal programming and the susceptibility for atherosclerosis in the offspring; therefore, we studied differences in lipid profiles of pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 173 diabetic pregnancies were studied prior to conception (V0), at each trimester (V1–V3), and after delivery and were compared with 137 healthy women at V3. RESULTS During gestation, the increase in serum [...]
Common Genetic Variation in GLP1R and Insulin Secretion in Response to Exogenous GLP-1 in Nondiabetic Subjects: A pilot study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor is encoded by GLP1R. The effect of genetic variation at this locus on the response to GLP-1 is unknown. This study assessed the effect of GLP1R polymorphisms on insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia and to infused GLP-1 in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-eight healthy individuals (aged 26.3 ± 0.6 years, fasting glucose 4.83 ± 0.04 mmol/l) were studied using a hyperglycemic clamp. GLP-1 was infused [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor is encoded by GLP1R. The effect of genetic variation at this locus on the response to GLP-1 is unknown. This study assessed the effect of GLP1R polymorphisms on insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia and to infused GLP-1 in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-eight healthy individuals (aged 26.3 ± 0.6 years, fasting glucose 4.83 ± 0.04 mmol/l) were studied using a hyperglycemic clamp. GLP-1 was infused [...]
Postchallenge Glucose, A1C, and Fasting Glucose as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A 10-year prospective cohort study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE A1C has been proposed as a new indicator for high risk of type 2 diabetes. The long-term predictive power and comparability of elevated A1C with the currently used high-risk indicators remain unclear. We assessed A1C, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) at 10 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective population-based study of 593 inhabitants from northern Finland, born in 1935 [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE A1C has been proposed as a new indicator for high risk of type 2 diabetes. The long-term predictive power and comparability of elevated A1C with the currently used high-risk indicators remain unclear. We assessed A1C, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) at 10 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective population-based study of 593 inhabitants from northern Finland, born in 1935 [...]
Defining the Ideal Injection Techniques When Using 5-mm Needles in Children and Adults
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat in both children and adults and to quantify the associated pain and leakage of the test medium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 259 subjects (122 children/adolescents and 137 adults) were injected with sterile air corresponding to 20 IU insulin (200 µl) with 32-G 5-mm needles at 90° or 45°, in the abdomen and thigh, and with or without a pi [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat in both children and adults and to quantify the associated pain and leakage of the test medium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 259 subjects (122 children/adolescents and 137 adults) were injected with sterile air corresponding to 20 IU insulin (200 µl) with 32-G 5-mm needles at 90° or 45°, in the abdomen and thigh, and with or without a pi [...]
Cognitive Function in Type 1 Diabetic Adults With Early Exposure to Severe Hypoglycemia: A 16-year follow-up study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We assessed adulthood cognition in relation to early exposure to severe hypoglycemia (SH). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen years subsequent to a study of cognitive function in 28 diabetic children and 28 matched control subjects, we reexamined the same subjects with a 96% participation rate. Diabetic subjects were classified as with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) early (≤10 years of age) SH, which was defined as convulsions or loss of consciousness. RESULTS Overall, cognitive sc [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We assessed adulthood cognition in relation to early exposure to severe hypoglycemia (SH). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen years subsequent to a study of cognitive function in 28 diabetic children and 28 matched control subjects, we reexamined the same subjects with a 96% participation rate. Diabetic subjects were classified as with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) early (≤10 years of age) SH, which was defined as convulsions or loss of consciousness. RESULTS Overall, cognitive sc [...]
Disparate Effects of Atorvastatin Compared With Simvastatin on C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Reduction in LDL and high sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) are independent indicators of successful cardiovascular risk reduction with statins. This study compared the effect of equivalent LDL-lowering doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin on hsCRP in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover study of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes taking either 40 mg simvastatin or 10 mg atorvastatin was undertaken. After 3 months on one statin, lipids and hsCRP we [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Reduction in LDL and high sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) are independent indicators of successful cardiovascular risk reduction with statins. This study compared the effect of equivalent LDL-lowering doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin on hsCRP in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover study of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes taking either 40 mg simvastatin or 10 mg atorvastatin was undertaken. After 3 months on one statin, lipids and hsCRP we [...]
Effects of Glutamine on Glycemic Control During and After Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A pilot study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate if oral glutamine ameliorates exercise and postexercise nighttime hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten adolescents (15.2 ± 1.4 years [SD], A1C 6.9 ± 0.9%) on insulin pumps were studied. The subjects were randomized to receive a glutamine or placebo drink pre-exercise and at bedtime (0.25 g/kg/dose). A 3:00 p.m. exercise session consisted of four 15-min treadmill/5-min rest cycles. Pre-exercise blood glucose was 140& [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To investigate if oral glutamine ameliorates exercise and postexercise nighttime hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten adolescents (15.2 ± 1.4 years [SD], A1C 6.9 ± 0.9%) on insulin pumps were studied. The subjects were randomized to receive a glutamine or placebo drink pre-exercise and at bedtime (0.25 g/kg/dose). A 3:00 p.m. exercise session consisted of four 15-min treadmill/5-min rest cycles. Pre-exercise blood glucose was 140& [...]
Effects of Combined Ezetimibe and Simvastatin Therapy as Compared With Simvastatin Alone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of inhibited gastrointestinal cholesterol absorption in statin-treated dyslipidemic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a multicenter prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we primarily compared by ANCOVA the effect of 2-month ezetimibe (10 mg/day) or placebo therapy on LDL cholesterol serum levels in 108 type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria <200 µg/min and total cholesterol concentrations >135 mg/dl despite simvastat [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of inhibited gastrointestinal cholesterol absorption in statin-treated dyslipidemic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a multicenter prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we primarily compared by ANCOVA the effect of 2-month ezetimibe (10 mg/day) or placebo therapy on LDL cholesterol serum levels in 108 type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria <200 µg/min and total cholesterol concentrations >135 mg/dl despite simvastat [...]
Effects of Weight Loss Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Men and Women
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Weight loss among metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals may be unnecessary or result in elevated cardio-metabolic risk. We studied the effects of exercise- or diet-induced weight loss on cardio-metabolic risk among MHO and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 63 MHO and 43 MAO adults who took part in 3 to 6 months of exercise- or diet-induced weight loss intervention. Changes in anthropometry, adipose tissue distribution, an [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Weight loss among metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals may be unnecessary or result in elevated cardio-metabolic risk. We studied the effects of exercise- or diet-induced weight loss on cardio-metabolic risk among MHO and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 63 MHO and 43 MAO adults who took part in 3 to 6 months of exercise- or diet-induced weight loss intervention. Changes in anthropometry, adipose tissue distribution, an [...]
Remedial Actions for the Physical Inactivity of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity is often suspected in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes but has yet to be quantified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured the level of physical activity of 36 hospitalized (H) and 36 free-living nonhospitalized (NH) type 2 diabetic subjects with actimeters (SenseWear Arm-Band). RESULTS The number of steps (H: 4,381 ± 3,742 steps/24 h, NH: 7,220 ± 4,763 steps/24 h; P < 0.01), duration of physical activity (H: 45 ± 57 min/24 h, [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity is often suspected in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes but has yet to be quantified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured the level of physical activity of 36 hospitalized (H) and 36 free-living nonhospitalized (NH) type 2 diabetic subjects with actimeters (SenseWear Arm-Band). RESULTS The number of steps (H: 4,381 ± 3,742 steps/24 h, NH: 7,220 ± 4,763 steps/24 h; P < 0.01), duration of physical activity (H: 45 ± 57 min/24 h, [...]
No Protective Effect of Calcitriol on {beta}-Cell Function in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: The IMDIAB XIII trial
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether supplementation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in recent-onset type 1 diabetes can protect β-cell function evaluated by C-peptide and improve glycemic control assessed by A1C and insulin requirement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-four subjects (aged 11–35 years, median 18 years) with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and high basal C-peptide >0.25 nmol/l were randomized in a double-blind trial to 0.25 µg/day calcitriol or plac [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether supplementation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in recent-onset type 1 diabetes can protect β-cell function evaluated by C-peptide and improve glycemic control assessed by A1C and insulin requirement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-four subjects (aged 11–35 years, median 18 years) with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and high basal C-peptide >0.25 nmol/l were randomized in a double-blind trial to 0.25 µg/day calcitriol or plac [...]
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged Men and Women: The Doetinchem Cohort Study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes is associated with greater decline in cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Dutch prospective Doetinchem Cohort Study, cognitive functioning was measured twice within a 5-year time interval in 2,613 men and women. Participants were aged 43–70 years at baseline (1995–2002), and no one had a history of stroke. Change in scores on global cognitive function as well as on specific cognitive [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes is associated with greater decline in cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Dutch prospective Doetinchem Cohort Study, cognitive functioning was measured twice within a 5-year time interval in 2,613 men and women. Participants were aged 43–70 years at baseline (1995–2002), and no one had a history of stroke. Change in scores on global cognitive function as well as on specific cognitive [...]
The Presence of GAD and IA-2 Antibodies in Youth With a Type 2 Diabetes Phenotype: Results from the TODAY study
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of islet cell autoimmunity in youth clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and describe associated clinical and laboratory findings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children (10–17 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were screened for participation in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Measurements included GAD-65 and insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibodies using the new National Institute of Diab [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of islet cell autoimmunity in youth clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and describe associated clinical and laboratory findings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children (10–17 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were screened for participation in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Measurements included GAD-65 and insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibodies using the new National Institute of Diab [...]
Evolution of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Diabetes: A report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored PTCA (1985-1986) and Dynamic (1997-2006) Registries
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of successive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) modalities with balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stent (BMS), drug-eluting stents (DES), and pharmacotherapy over the last 3 decades with outcomes among patients with diabetes in routine clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined outcomes in 1,846 patients with diabetes undergoing de novo PCI in the multicenter, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored 1985–19 [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of successive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) modalities with balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stent (BMS), drug-eluting stents (DES), and pharmacotherapy over the last 3 decades with outcomes among patients with diabetes in routine clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined outcomes in 1,846 patients with diabetes undergoing de novo PCI in the multicenter, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored 1985–19 [...]
Mortality, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease, Over 15 Years in Multiethnic Mauritius: Impact of diabetes and intermediate forms of glucose tolerance
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Little information is available on the impact of abnormal glucose tolerance on mortality in South Asian and African populations in the developing world. We explored this issue in a large, multiethnic cohort from the developing nation of Mauritius. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based surveys were undertaken in 1987, 1992, and 1998. The 9,559 participants (20–82 years old) comprised 66% South Asian (Indian), 27% Creole (African), and 7% Chinese descent. Mortality was asc [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Little information is available on the impact of abnormal glucose tolerance on mortality in South Asian and African populations in the developing world. We explored this issue in a large, multiethnic cohort from the developing nation of Mauritius. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based surveys were undertaken in 1987, 1992, and 1998. The 9,559 participants (20–82 years old) comprised 66% South Asian (Indian), 27% Creole (African), and 7% Chinese descent. Mortality was asc [...]
Pericardial Adipose Tissue, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Jackson Heart Study: Comment on Liu et al.
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Pericardial Adipose Tissue, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Jackson Heart Study: Response to Iacobellis and Malavazos
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Can Postprandial Blood Glucose Excursion Be Predicted in Type 2 Diabetes?
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between carbohydrate intake and postprandial blood glucose (BG) levels to determine the most influential meal for type 2 diabetic subjects treated with basal insulin and needing prandial insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three-day BG profiles for 37 type 2 diabetic subjects, with A1C levels of 7.7%, treated with sulfonylurea and metformin, and well titrated on insulin glargine, were analyzed using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Food intake [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between carbohydrate intake and postprandial blood glucose (BG) levels to determine the most influential meal for type 2 diabetic subjects treated with basal insulin and needing prandial insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three-day BG profiles for 37 type 2 diabetic subjects, with A1C levels of 7.7%, treated with sulfonylurea and metformin, and well titrated on insulin glargine, were analyzed using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Food intake [...]
Assessment of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels as Diagnostic Discriminator of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Due to HNF1A Mutations
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Despite the clinical importance of an accurate diagnosis in individuals with monogenic forms of diabetes, restricted access to genetic testing leaves many patients with undiagnosed diabetes. Recently, common variation near the HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A) gene was shown to influence C-reactive protein levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) could represent a clinically useful biomarker for the identification of HNF1A mutat [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Despite the clinical importance of an accurate diagnosis in individuals with monogenic forms of diabetes, restricted access to genetic testing leaves many patients with undiagnosed diabetes. Recently, common variation near the HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A) gene was shown to influence C-reactive protein levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) could represent a clinically useful biomarker for the identification of HNF1A mutat [...]
A Marker of Endotoxemia Is Associated With Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders in Apparently Healthy Chinese
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Elevated lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a marker of subclinical endotoxemia, may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic risk. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma LBP and metabolic disorders in apparently healthy Chinese. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based study including 559 overweight/obese (BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2) and 500 normal-weight (18.0 ≤ BMI <24.0 kg/m2) subjects aged 35–54 years was conducted in Shanghai, Ch [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE Elevated lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a marker of subclinical endotoxemia, may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic risk. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma LBP and metabolic disorders in apparently healthy Chinese. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based study including 559 overweight/obese (BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2) and 500 normal-weight (18.0 ≤ BMI <24.0 kg/m2) subjects aged 35–54 years was conducted in Shanghai, Ch [...]
Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Severely Obese Adults With Diabetes
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in severely obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) adults who have diabetes, using a validated diabetes cost-effectiveness model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We expanded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–RTI Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Model to incorporate bariatric surgery. In this simulation model, bariatric surgery may lead to diabetes remission and reductions in other risk factors, which then lead to fewer diabetes compl [...]
30/08/2010 21:13
OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in severely obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) adults who have diabetes, using a validated diabetes cost-effectiveness model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We expanded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–RTI Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Model to incorporate bariatric surgery. In this simulation model, bariatric surgery may lead to diabetes remission and reductions in other risk factors, which then lead to fewer diabetes compl [...]
Eating Fish and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based, Prospective Follow-Up Study: Comment on van Woudenbergh et al.
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Eating Fish and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based, Prospective Follow-Up Study: Response to Boucher and Mannan
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients With and Without Diabetes: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Glucose-Containing Dialysates
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Improving Type 1 Diabetes After Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia With Rituximab: Killing Two Birds With One Stone
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, 2009: The kidney, the liver, and insulin resistance
30/08/2010 21:13
30/08/2010 21:13
Survival of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in 1980-2007
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE Risks of end-stage renal disease and premature death in patients with type 1 diabetes have declined over the past decades. Data on the survival of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) are, however, limited. We investigated whether survival of patients with type 1 diabetes receiving RRT has improved over time and whether improvement can be attributable to progress in dialysis treatment or diabetes care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An incident cohort of all patients with [...]
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE Risks of end-stage renal disease and premature death in patients with type 1 diabetes have declined over the past decades. Data on the survival of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) are, however, limited. We investigated whether survival of patients with type 1 diabetes receiving RRT has improved over time and whether improvement can be attributable to progress in dialysis treatment or diabetes care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An incident cohort of all patients with [...]
Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes in Wales: Influence of the pediatric diabetes specialist nurse
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE To determine whether glycemic control is improving in diabetic children in Wales and to identify factors associated with improvement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected in 2001 and 2006. RESULTS Over time A1C was reduced from 9.08 ± 1.66 to 8.88 ± 1.63% (P = 0.012). There were differences among centers (P < 0.001) and differential changes over time (interaction P < 0.001). Since 2001 five centers had appointed a pediatric diabetes specialist nurse (P [...]
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE To determine whether glycemic control is improving in diabetic children in Wales and to identify factors associated with improvement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected in 2001 and 2006. RESULTS Over time A1C was reduced from 9.08 ± 1.66 to 8.88 ± 1.63% (P = 0.012). There were differences among centers (P < 0.001) and differential changes over time (interaction P < 0.001). Since 2001 five centers had appointed a pediatric diabetes specialist nurse (P [...]
Simulated Physician Learning Program Improves Glucose Control in Adults With Diabetes
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE Inexpensive and standardized methods to deliver medical education to primary care physicians (PCPs) are desirable. Our objective was to assess the impact of an individualized simulated learning intervention on diabetes care provided by PCPs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven clinics with 41 consenting PCPs in a Minnesota medical group were randomized to receive or not receive the learning intervention. Each intervention PCP was assigned 12 simulated type 2 diabetes cases that took a [...]
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE Inexpensive and standardized methods to deliver medical education to primary care physicians (PCPs) are desirable. Our objective was to assess the impact of an individualized simulated learning intervention on diabetes care provided by PCPs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven clinics with 41 consenting PCPs in a Minnesota medical group were randomized to receive or not receive the learning intervention. Each intervention PCP was assigned 12 simulated type 2 diabetes cases that took a [...]
Exenatide Affects Circulating Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers Independently of Changes in Body Composition
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of exenatide on body composition and circulating cardiovascular risk biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (N = 69) were randomized to exenatide or insulin glargine and treated for 1 year. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Additionally, body weight, waist circumference, and cardiovascular biomarkers were measured. RESULTS Treatment with exenatide for 1 year significantly reduced b [...]
28/07/2010 20:31
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of exenatide on body composition and circulating cardiovascular risk biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (N = 69) were randomized to exenatide or insulin glargine and treated for 1 year. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Additionally, body weight, waist circumference, and cardiovascular biomarkers were measured. RESULTS Treatment with exenatide for 1 year significantly reduced b [...]