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Recent items - Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics

Effects of Reduced Juice Allowances in Food Packages for the Women, Infants, and Children Program
04/05/2013 01:15
Juice consumption among 2- to 5-year-old children exceeds dietary recommendations. In 2007, the US Department of Agriculture revised the composition and quantities of prescribed foods in WIC food packages to align them with dietary guidelines. Juice
Warts Transmitted in Families and Schools: A Prospective Cohort
04/05/2013 01:15
Current recommendations to prevent warts focus on limiting the personal spread of human papillomavirus and transmission in public places, such as swimming pools; however, evidence on risk factors for developing warts is limited. Cutaneous human papi
Characteristics of Screen Media Use Associated With Higher BMI in Young Adolescents
04/05/2013 01:15
Rates of screen media use have risen in parallel with rates of obesity among young people. Identifying the specific characteristics of media use that are associated with obesity can help elucidate the explanatory processes and inform effective inter
Evaluation of an Office Protocol to Increase Exclusivity of Breastfeeding
04/05/2013 01:15
A gap exists with lack of programs to help mothers breastfeed. The 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics' "Policy Statement on Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk" re-emphasized breastfeeding as an important public health initiative rather than a
Epidemiology and Predictors of Failure of the Infant Car Seat Challenge
04/05/2013 01:15
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends neonates born at <37 weeks’ gestation receive a predischarge Infant Car Seat Challenge, meaning up to 500 000 infants qualify annually. However, little is known about incidence and risk factors
Patterns of Inpatient Care for Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia in US Children's Hospitals
03/05/2013 13:30
Clinically significant bleeding in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric ITP recommend that patients with mild or no bleeding be followed with observation alone. Many pediatric pat
Sexual Initiation, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy Among Young Adolescents
03/05/2013 13:30
Among adolescents younger than 15, 18% have had sex and 16 000 pregnancies occur annually; among those aged 15 to 17, 30% have had sex and 252 000 get pregnant. Information on the youngest adolescents has not been previously published. Sexual activi
Differences in Health Care Access and Utilization Between Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma
03/05/2013 13:30
Studies suggest that young adults have worse access to health care, use less primary care, and visit emergency departments more frequently than adolescents. Whether these differences are present between adolescents and young adults with asthma is un
The Effects of Music Therapy on Vital Signs, Feeding, and Sleep in Premature Infants
03/05/2013 13:30
Recorded music, parent voices, and sung lullabies have been shown to increase oxygen saturation, nonnutritive sucking, and weight gain in premature infants. Parent-preferred melodies and entrained live rhythm and breath sounds can enhance quiet aler
Association of Procalcitonin With Acute Pyelonephritis and Renal Scars in Pediatric UTI
03/05/2013 13:30
Prompt, high-quality diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis and later identification of children with scarring are important to prevent future complications. Examination by dimercaptosuccinic acid scan is the current clinical gold standard but is not rou
Pediatrics Digest
03/05/2013 01:30
Influence of "GERD" Label on Parents' Decision to Medicate Infants
03/05/2013 01:30
Medications used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are some of the most widely used medications in children younger than 1 year. There are strong indications that GERD is overdiagnosed and overtreated. The factors that drive overtreatm
Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973-2009
03/05/2013 01:30
The incidence of childhood and adolescent melanoma has been significantly increasing up to 2004. Risk factors (fair skin, light-colored hair/eyes, female gender, presence of nevi, family history, increased number of sunburns, and exposure to UV radi
Extremely Low Birth Weight and Infant Mortality Rates in the United States
03/05/2013 01:30
Infant and neonatal mortality rates in the United States decreased markedly during the twentieth century but have not decreased notably during recent years. There has been an increase in preterm and low birth weight births in recent years. The lack
Parental Perceptions of Forgoing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration During End-of-Life Care
03/05/2013 01:30
Forgoing artificial nutrition and hydration in children at the end of life is an acceptable practice under some circumstances. However, there is a paucity of pediatric evidence to guide health care providers’ and parents’ decision-making
Sleep Duration and Adolescent Obesity
02/05/2013 13:42
Short sleep may be an adolescent obesity risk factor, but most evidence is from cross-sectional studies. Three longitudinal studies have investigated the association between sleep duration and adolescent obesity, finding mixed results. Shorter sleep
Guided Self-Help for the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity
02/05/2013 13:42
Clinic-based weight control programs for pediatric obesity are time and personnel intensive and not accessible to a large proportion of the population. This is the first study to reveal the efficacy of a low-intensity, 5-month, guided self-help trea
Food-Related Parenting Practices and Adolescent Weight Status: A Population-Based Study
02/05/2013 13:42
Despite numerous studies, evidence of the association between food-related parenting practices and child weight remains equivocal. Examination of this association within a sample of diverse adolescents is needed to inform anticipatory guidance provi
Plate Size and Children's Appetite: Effects of Larger Dishware on Self-Served Portions and Intake
02/05/2013 13:42
Research has shown that dishware size influences self-served portion sizes and meal intake in adults. In children, larger bowls led children to request more food, but whether larger dishware affects children’s self-served portions or intake at
Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Obesity: Hong Kong's "Children of 1997" Birth Cohort
02/05/2013 13:42
Some Western studies show early introduction of solid food is associated with subsequent obesity. However, introduction of solid food and obesity share social patterning, making these observations vulnerable to residual confounding. In a non-Western
Validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Term and Preterm Infants
02/05/2013 13:42
The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) has been validated in many countries and translated into numerous languages. In most publications, it has been reported that the ASQ is accurate in detecting true problems in apparently healthy children and e
Developmental Scores at 1 Year With Increasing Gestational Age, 37-41 Weeks
02/05/2013 13:42
Cognitive and motor developmental test scores of preterm and late preterm infants increase with gestational age. Developmental test scores in full-term infants have not previously been considered to relate to gestational age. In a cohort of healthy,
Heated, Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Nasal CPAP for Respiratory Support in Neonates
02/05/2013 13:42
Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is a noninvasive mode of respiratory support that is commonly used in the majority of US NICUs. No large randomized trial has evaluated safety or efficacy of HHHFNC. This large randomized controlle
Tracheostomy for Infants Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: 10 Years' Experience
02/05/2013 13:42
Advances in the treatment of critically ill infants have increased survival of extremely low/very low birth weight and medically complex infants. Improved survival can result in prolonged mechanical ventilation and sometimes tracheostomy. Current tr
Yield of Chest Radiography After Removal of Esophageal Foreign Bodies
02/05/2013 13:42
Perforation in the setting of retained esophageal foreign body is rare, but can be catastrophic. The role of imaging in screening for injury after removal has not previously been studied. The rate of esophageal injury among children with retained es
Temporal Trends in Survival Among Infants With Critical Congenital Heart Defects
02/05/2013 13:42
Pulse oximetry testing in newborns can detect asymptomatic cases of critical congenital heart defects and has been added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel. However, the impact that earlier diagnosis may have on survival in this populatio
Survival of Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
02/05/2013 13:42
Survival of children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 is determined by treatment choice: tracheostomy with mechanical ventilation, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, or a palliative approach. Few data are available on life expectancies with diff
Benefits of Universal Gloving on Hospital-Acquired Infections in Acute Care Pediatric Units
02/05/2013 13:42
Health care–associated infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children. Simple barrier precautions such as universal gloving of health care workers’ hands may reduce transmission of infectious agents bet
Cluster (School) RCT of ParentCorps: Impact on Kindergarten Academic Achievement
02/05/2013 13:42
At least half of the achievement gap for low-income, minority children is present at kindergarten entry; however, there are no population-level early childhood interventions that effectively engage and support families and teachers to ameliorate the
Association Between Total Duration of Breastfeeding and Iron Deficiency
02/05/2013 13:42
Previous studies have found a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months and iron deficiency. Little is known about the relationship between total breastfeeding duration, including the period after the introduction of complementar
Early Readmission of Newborns in a Large Health Care System
02/05/2013 13:42
Early readmission of apparently healthy newborns may result from inadequate assessment of a newborn’s readiness for discharge. Knowledge of the frequency, causes, and variation in the rate of newborn readmissions may assist in developing quali
Galactose-{alpha}-1,3-galactose and Delayed Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, and Urticaria in Children
02/05/2013 13:42
Delayed anaphylaxis, urticaria, and angioedema to mammalian meat products were first described in the adult population in 2009. Patients with this syndrome who consume mammalian meat typically develop symptoms 4 to 6 hours after ingestion. Specific
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Gross Motor Skills in Children With Cerebral Palsy
02/05/2013 13:42
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) prevalence is 19-99%. OPD based on parent-report is associated with gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP), however this underestimates prevalence. Almost all children with severe CP have dysphagia; lit
Change in Adoption of Electronic Health Records by US Children's Hospitals
02/05/2013 13:42
Electronic health record (EHR) uptake by US hospitals has been slow, including among children’s hospitals. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health program, which began in 2011, offers incentives for adoption and mean
A Cough Algorithm for Chronic Cough in Children: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Study
02/05/2013 13:42
Parents of children with chronic cough have poor quality of life and often seek multiple consultations. There are few randomized controlled trials on the management of cough or on the efficacy of management algorithms outside of inpatient settings.
Ingesting and Aspirating Dry Cinnamon by Children and Adolescents: The "Cinnamon Challenge"
02/05/2013 13:42
Teaching in a Family-Centered Care Model: The Exam Room as the Classroom
02/05/2013 13:42
Influence of "GERD" Label on Parents' Decision to Medicate Infants
02/05/2013 13:42
BACKGROUND: The factors that drive overtreatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are not well understood, but it has been proposed that the use of the "GERD" disease label could perpetuate use of medication in otherwise healthy infants. M
Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973-2009
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescent melanoma is rare but has been increasing. To gain insight into possible reasons underlying this observation, we analyzed trends in melanoma incidence diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years among US whites by
Extremely Low Birth Weight and Infant Mortality Rates in the United States
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: Infant mortality rates (IMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in the United States have not decreased recently. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of birth weight and gestational age subgroups to the IMR and NM
Parental Perceptions of Forgoing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration During End-of-Life Care
02/05/2013 13:42
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Forgoing artificial nutrition and hydration (FANH) in children at the end of life (EOL) is a medically, legally, and ethically acceptable practice under specific circumstances. However, most of the evidence on FANH involves
Association of Procalcitonin With Acute Pyelonephritis and Renal Scars in Pediatric UTI
02/05/2013 13:42
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common childhood bacterial infections that may involve renal parenchymal infection (acute pyelonephritis [APN]) followed by late scarring. Prompt, high-quality diagnosis of APN and later
Patterns of Inpatient Care for Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia in US Children's Hospitals
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: Although recent evidence-based guidelines for the management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) recommend a conservative, observation-based approach for the majority of patients with newly diagnosed pediatric ITP, current practice patterns
Sexual Initiation, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy Among Young Adolescents
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: To present new data on sexual initiation, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among US adolescents aged 10 to 19, and to compare the youngest adolescents’ behaviors with those of older adolescents. METHODS: Using nationally representa
Differences in Health Care Access and Utilization Between Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest that young adults have worse health care access, use less primary care, and visit emergency departments more frequently than adolescents. We examined whether these differences existed between older adolescents and young ad
The Effects of Music Therapy on Vital Signs, Feeding, and Sleep in Premature Infants
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: Recorded music risks overstimulation in NICUs. The live elements of music such as rhythm, breath, and parent-preferred lullabies may affect physiologic function (eg, heart and respiratory rates, O2 saturation levels, and activity levels)
Effects of Reduced Juice Allowances in Food Packages for the Women, Infants, and Children Program
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: In 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) implemented revisions to the composition and quantities of WIC food packages. Juice allowances were reduced by approximately half. This report des
Warts Transmitted in Families and Schools: A Prospective Cohort
02/05/2013 13:42
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous warts are common in primary schoolchildren; however, knowledge on the routes of transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) causing warts is scarce. This study examines the association between the degree of HPV exp
Characteristics of Screen Media Use Associated With Higher BMI in Young Adolescents
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates how characteristics of young adolescents’ screen media use are associated with their BMI. By examining relationships between BMI and both time spent using each of 3 screen media and level of attention alloca
Eating Frequency and Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of eating frequency on body weight status in children and adolescents. METHODS: In this meta-analysis, original observational studies published to October 2011 were selected through a literature search in the Pub
Common Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance
02/05/2013 13:42
The autonomic nervous system, adequate blood volume, and intact skeletal and respiratory muscle pumps are essential components for rapid cardiovascular adjustments to upright posture (orthostasis). Patients lacking sufficient blood volume or having
FDA's Pediatric Device Consortia: National Program Fosters Pediatric Medical Device Development
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: This article reports on the progress made in addressing pediatric medical device needs through the establishment of the Pediatric Device Consortia Grant Program. Pediatric practitioners should be aware of both the imperative for well-stu
Evaluation of an Office Protocol to Increase Exclusivity of Breastfeeding
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementing a program based on a clinical protocol affects breastfeeding rates within a pediatric primary care setting. Increasing breastfeeding rates is an important public health initi
Epidemiology and Predictors of Failure of the Infant Car Seat Challenge
02/05/2013 13:42
OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all neonates born at <37 weeks’ gestation receive a predischarge Infant Car Seat Challenge (ICSC), a resource-intensive test with little information on failure rates and risk factors