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Recent items - Journal of Pediatrics

Is Melatonin Synthesis a New Biomarker for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Phenylketonuria?
25/04/2013 15:06
More than 30 years ago, Charles Scriver and Carol Clow described phenylketonuria (PKU) as the epitome of biochemical genetics, the disorder from which much of our model for diagnosing, treating, and understanding inborn errors has derived. They place
Life with Spina Bifida: The Role of Quality of Life in Decision-Making
25/04/2013 15:06
“Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of sickness or frailty.”–World Health Organization See related article, p 993
Uric Acid and the Origins of Hypertension
25/04/2013 15:06
The 20th century witnessed an explosive increase in the frequency of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in the US, affecting 34%, 29%, and 12% of the adult population, respectively. Children and adolescents were not immune to this epidemic, and the
The Disappearance of Diseases, Conditions, and Disorders of Childhood
25/04/2013 15:06
Humans are inevitably affected by conditions, disorders, and diseases that influence their health status. Over time, new disorders are recognized and others wane. Why do certain disorders of children fade only to reappear later and others disappear?
Birth Weight and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness
25/04/2013 15:06
Objectives: To determine the association between birth weight and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), a measure of atherogenesis, in a population of 11-year-old children.Study design: CIMT measured by high-resolution ultrasound, and birth r
Adiposity in Adolescent Offspring Born Prematurely to Mothers with Preeclampsia
25/04/2013 15:06
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between maternal preeclampsia resulting in premature delivery and adiposity in the offspring during adolescence.Study design: The 172 study participants were 14 years old and had very low birth weight. We compa
50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: The Cry Latencies of Normal Infants and Those with Brain Damage
25/04/2013 15:06
Fisichelli VR, Karelitz S. J Pediatr 1963;62:724-34 Cry latency is defined as the time elapsed between the application of a painful stimulus and the onset of crying. Comparing the cry latencies of 44 normal control infants and 44 matched infants wi
Higher Maternal Body Mass Index Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Later Type 2 Diabetes in Offspring
25/04/2013 15:06
Objectives: To investigate whether the body mass index (BMI) of a child's mother is associated with an increased future risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of genetic risk or childhood metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors.Study design: T
Indices of Insulin Secretion during a Liquid Mixed-Meal Test in Obese Youth with Diabetes
25/04/2013 15:06
Objective: To compare indices of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity (IS), and oral disposition index (oDI) during the liquid mixed-meal test in obese youth with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and negative autoantibodies (Ab
Intrahepatic Fat Is Increased in the Neonatal Offspring of Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes
25/04/2013 15:06
Objectives: To assess precision magnetic resonance imaging in the neonate and determine whether there is an early maternal influence on the pattern of neonatal fat deposition in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and ob
Using the Androgen Excess–PCOS Society Criteria to Diagnose Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
25/04/2013 15:06
Objectives: To use the Androgen Excess–PCOS Society (AE-PCOS) criteria in adolescents to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and identify the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Study design: Retrospective chart review of adolescents (>2 yea
Early Sepsis Does Not Increase the Risk of Late Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates
25/04/2013 15:06
Objective: To examine whether preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have an increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS) following early-onset sepsis (EOS).Study design: Retrospective analysis of VLBW infants (401-1500 g) born September 1998 thro
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannulae with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Postextubation in Premature Infants
25/04/2013 15:06
Objective: To determine whether postextubation respiratory support via heated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannulae (HHHFNC) results in a greater proportion of infants younger than 32 weeks' gestation being successfully extubated after a period of en
Diagnosing PCOS in adolescent girls
25/04/2013 03:15
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinologic problem in women. Irregular menses, an important component of PCOS, is more common at the onset of menses in adolescence. This has made the diagnosis of PCOS more difficult in adolescence an
Neuropsychological and academic status with new-onset epilepsies
25/04/2013 03:15
There is growing evidence that childhood epilepsy is associated with abnormalities in cognition, academics, emotional status, and social function, but it has not been clear whether these are the effect of epilepsy and its treatments or, perhaps, como
Does birth weight impact carotid intima-media thickness?
25/04/2013 03:15
The Barker hypothesis has focused on the concept that low birth weight is associated with increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. Since the original analysis, it has become clear that increased birth weight and changes in weight during th
pH and the heart in preterms
25/04/2013 03:15
Cardiac function in preterm infants has been minimally evaluated. From the clinicians' perspective, if the blood pressure is normal—and normal is difficult to define—the heart function will be normal. Conversely, if blood pressure is low, then ca
Closing the Gap: A Needs Assessment of Medical Students and Handoff Training
25/04/2013 03:15
The Joint Commission cites communication errors between hospital personnel as a contributing cause of approximately two-thirds of sentinel events in hospitals. Communication failures are particularly common during handoffs of patient care. As a resul
Preeclampsia and Prematurity as Precursors to Adolescent Obesity
25/04/2013 03:15
It has been recognized for nearly 70 years that the early environment in which a child grows and develops could have long-term effects on subsequent health and survival. The period from conception to birth is a time of rapid growth, cellular replicat
A New Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes May Offer a Teachable Moment for Prevention
25/04/2013 03:15
With an estimate that about one-third of children born in 2000 will develop diabetes mellitus during their lifetime, predominantly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prevention of this disease is of paramount importance. The obesity epidemic is thought
Possible Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Children with Pneumonia
25/04/2013 03:15
Pneumonia and respiratory failure account for about 1.3 million deaths each year in children aged
Table of Contents
25/04/2013 03:15
Masthead
25/04/2013 03:15
Information for Readers
25/04/2013 03:15
Maternal smoking and birth weight
25/04/2013 03:15
Maternal smoking decreases the birth weight of infants. In this issue of The Journal, Himes et al add new useful information about this association. Women who said they smoked not surprisingly delivered small infants with metabolites of tobacco in me
Cortisol, saliva, and “engagement”
25/04/2013 03:15
Studies and guidelines have suggested that parents should minimize or eliminate “screen time” for infants and young children (Pediatrics 2011;128:1040-5). There are two approaches to establishing the rationale for such recommendations. The first
Nanofiltered C1-Esterase Inhibitor for the Acute Management and Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks due to C1-Inhibitor Deficiency in Children
24/04/2013 15:27
Objectives: To evaluate the use of Cinryze (nanofiltered C1-esterase inhibitor [C1 INH-nf]) for the acute management and prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks in the subgroup of children and adolescents who participated in 2 placebo-controlled
Functional Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence: Do Enemas Help?
24/04/2013 15:27
Objective: To assess the current treatment of functional nonretentive fecal incontinence, which consists of education, toilet training, and positive motivation.Study design: Patients, age 6 years and older, referred for fecal incontinence (FI) and di
Associating Child Sexual Abuse with Child Victimization in China
24/04/2013 15:27
Objectives: To provide a comprehensive profile of the prevalence of child sexual abuse as well as other forms of child victimization in China and to examine the associations between child sexual abuse, demographic factors, and other forms of child vi
50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Septic Arthritis in Childhood
24/04/2013 15:27
Borella L, Goobar JE, Summitt RL, Clark GM. J Pediatr 1963;62:742-7 Since the publication of this series by Borella et al 5 decades ago, and despite today’s advancements in diagnostic, antibiotic, and surgery options, septic arthritis in childre
Infant Video Viewing and Salivary Cortisol Responses: A Randomized Experiment
24/04/2013 15:27
Objective: To test the hypothesis that salivary cortisol levels respond differently when infants play with blocks compared with watching a digital video disk (DVD).Study design: We conducted a randomized experiment in which 8- to 14-month-old infants
50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Shigellosis in Infancy and Childhood: Clinical and Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings
24/04/2013 15:27
Sanyal SK, Hughes WT, Falkner F. J Pediatr 1963;62:784-5 The observations in this report by Sanyal et al challenged important aspects of the contemporary conventional clinical conceptual framework of shigellosis. The authors expressed surprise tha
Arteriopathy, D-Dimer, and Risk of Poor Neurologic Outcome in Childhood-Onset Arterial Ischemic Stroke
24/04/2013 15:27
Objective: To assess whether acute findings of cerebral arteriopathy, large infarct, and acutely elevated plasma D-dimer levels are independently prognostic of poor long-term neurologic outcome as measured at ≥1 year postevent in children with arte
The Neuropsychological and Academic Substrate of New/Recent-Onset Epilepsies
24/04/2013 15:27
Objective: To characterize neuropsychological and academic status in children, ages 8-18 years, with new-/recent-onset idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and idiopathic localization-related epilepsy (ILRE) compared with healthy controls.Study desi
Responses of Obese and Lean Girls Exercising under Heat and Thermoneutral Conditions
24/04/2013 15:27
Objective: To compare thermoregulatory and perceptual responses between lean and obese girls during and after exercise under heat (HC) and thermoneutral (TC) conditions.Study design: In a randomized order, 27 girls (14 lean [16.6 ± 6.7% fat and 9.
He Fell from Dad’s Arms: Subdural Hemorrhages in an Infant
24/04/2013 15:27
A 3-month-old male infant was brought by his parents to his primary care physician with a history of falling from his father’s arms onto hardwood flooring as the father tripped over the family dog. The baby cried immediately and eventually settled
Effects from Birth Brachial Plexus Injury and Postural Control
24/04/2013 15:27
Of 32 children with birth brachial plexus injury, 31 had postural control deficits, including asymmetrical posture and atypical movements. Management of children with birth brachial plexus injury should address motor development of the entire body, n
Black Race Is Not Protective Against Hazardous Bilirubin Levels
24/04/2013 15:27
Although black race is considered protective against hyperbilirubinemia, black infants appear at increased risk of kernicterus. We found that although black infants have a lower risk of developing total serum bilirubin levels ≥20 mg/dL than white i
Mongolian Spots Are Not Always a Benign Sign
24/04/2013 15:27
A female infant who had been born at term to healthy consanguineous parents was examined at the age of 9 months for delayed developmental milestones. She exhibited generalized hypotonia, hepatosplenomegaly, and widespread Mongolian spots extending ov
A Curious Rash
24/04/2013 15:27
A 16-year-old boy presented because of the occurrence of a nonpruritic rash involving mainly the trunk. He had a fever and sore throat the previous week, for which he began antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin-clavulanate) for 7 days, without any improvem
Gastrocolic Fistula: A Cause of Short Stature and Delayed Puberty in an Adolescent with Chronic Diarrhea
24/04/2013 15:27
A 15-year-old boy was referred for assessment of growth failure. He had a history of intermittent abdominal pain and nonbloody diarrhea since early childhood. Physical examination showed a prepubertal boy below the 1st percentile in height and weight
Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy
24/04/2013 15:27
A 2 kg male neonate at 30 weeks' gestation (; available at www.jpeds.com) was born to a second gravid mother with a previous loss at 29 weeks who was antenatally diagnosed as having generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) with calcifica
Meckel Diverticulum in a Premature Infant: Too Tiny But Still Perforates
24/04/2013 15:27
A male infant was born at 28 weeks gestation (1200 g) and had severe respiratory distress syndrome and hypotension, necessitating mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and surfactant. Umbilical vessels were catheterized. On day 4 of life, he had a la
Congential Extrahepatic Portocaval Shunt: Growth in Vain
24/04/2013 15:27
A 12-year-old boy was evaluated for jaundice, loss of appetite, and weight loss. He denied abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and night sweats. He was afebrile, and his blood pressure and heart rate were within normal limits. Findings of the
Antibiotic exposure is associated with development of inflammatory bowel disease
24/04/2013 15:27
Kronman MP, Zaoutis TE, Haynes K, Feng R, Coffin SE. Antibiotic exposure and IBD development among children: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics 2012;130:e794-803. Among otherwise well children, what is the association of pre-inflammatory
Validation of a bedside, on-line/smartphone algorithm to differentiate Kawasaki Disease from other febrile illnesses
24/04/2013 15:27
Ling XB, Kanegaye JT, Ji J, Peng S, Sato Y, Tremoulet A, et al. A point-of-care differentiation of Kawasaki disease from other febrile illnesses. J Pediatr 2013;162:183-8. Among children with prolonged febrile illness, what is the diagnostic accura
Protection wanes 5 years after the 5th dose of DTaP
24/04/2013 15:27
Klein NP, Bartlett J, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Fireman B, Baxter R. Waning protection after fifth dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1012-9. Among children immunized with 5 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pe
Whole-genome sequencing may be key to abating hospital-based methicillin-resistant Staphylociccus aureus outbreaks
24/04/2013 15:27
Harris SR, Cartwright EJ, Török ME, Holden MT, Brown NM, Ogilvy-Stuart AL. Whole-genome sequencing for analysis of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2013;13:130-6.
Early intensive behavioral intervention appears beneficial for young children with autism spectrum disorders
24/04/2013 15:27
Reichow B, Barton EE, Boyd BA, Hume K. Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10.
Muddying the waters: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity calculation in epidemiologic studies of youth
24/04/2013 15:27
Martikainen et al examined an interesting and under-researched issue—the association between physical activity and psychiatric difficulties in prepubertal children. The authors concluded that both higher daily activity volume and moderate-to-vigor
Reply
24/04/2013 15:27
We would like to thank Mr Routen for his interest in our study, and for drawing attention to the cut-points for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children and youth. In our study, the cut-points were derived from a study using Actical
Pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension and extreme childhood obesity: a role for weight gain
24/04/2013 15:27
We read with interest the report by Brara et al, who, in line with some findings of previous investigators on adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), correlated extreme childhood obesity with the risk of developing pediatric IIH and the se
Reply
24/04/2013 15:27
Salpietro et al raise an interesting point about whether recent weight gain in addition to or in lieu of obesity per se is a risk factor for pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We were not able to examine this question in the current da
Pertussis epidemic
24/04/2013 15:27
Winter et al describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the 2010 California pertussis epidemic. They illustrate high disease burden and mortality in Hispanic patients, especially among infants, despite comparable vaccination coverage